7, 8 A large prospective study identified 4 independent predictors of PHN: older age, severe acute pain, severe rash, and a shorter duration of rash before consultation. 5, 6 Sometimes, however, a period of 3 months is applied. Postherpetic neuralgia is usually defined as pain in the involved dermatome that is still present 1 month after rash onset. The main complications of HZ include postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and ophthalmic problems, the latter in cases of ophthalmic HZ. As it has not yet been proven that HZ is provoked by any serious underlying pathologic condition (eg, malignancy), 4 a search for possible risk factors is not warranted in otherwise healthy patients in whom HZ develops. Immunocompromised patients are also at increased risk of developing HZ. 1 – 3 As reactivation of the virus is linked to an age-related diminished virus-specific and cell-mediated immunity, HZ develops mainly in elderly people. The reported incidence varies from 2.2 to 3. Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, is the secondary manifestation of an earlier infection with the varicellazoster virus in one or more dermatomes.
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